Software testing involves evaluating and verifying a software product’s functionality. Basically, it checks whether the software product matches anticipated requirements and makes sure it is defect-free. It can be said that testing enhances the quality of the product by preventing bugs, reducing development costs, and reducing performance issues.

There are three methods of software testing and they are as follows:

•  Black-box testing: It is a testing strategy based solely on requirements and specifications. In this strategy, it requires no knowledge of internal paths, structures, or implementation of the software being tested.
•  White box testing: It is a testing strategy based on internal paths, code structures, and implementation of the software being tested. White box testing generally requires detailed programming skills.
• Gray box testing: It is a strategy for software debugging in which the tester has limited knowledge of the internal details of the program.

A test case is nothing but a set of conditions or variables under which a tester will determine whether a system under test satisfies requirements or works correctly.

Benefits of Automation testing are:

1.  Supports execution of repeated test cases
2.  Aids in testing a large test matrix
3.  Enables parallel execution
4. Encourages unattended execution
5. Improves accuracy thereby reducing human-generated errors
6.  Saves time and money

White box testing technique involves selection of test cases based on an analysis of the internal structure (Code coverage, branches coverage, paths coverage, condition coverage, etc.) of a component or system. It is also known as Code-Based testing or Structural testing. Different types of white box testing are

•  Statement Coverage
•  Decision Coverage

Verification is a process of evaluating software at the development phase. It helps you to decide whether the product of a given application satisfies the specified requirements. Validation is the process of evaluating software at the after the development process and to check whether it meets the customer requirements.

Test Deliverables are a set of documents, tools and other components that have to be developed and maintained in support of testing.

There are different test deliverables at every phase of the software development lifecycle

•  Before Testing
•  During Testing
•  After the Testing

 A test log is a chronological record of relevant details about the execution of test cases. It provides detailed information about the success of each test performed to validate the quality, performance, and functionality of the software.

Random testing is a black-box software testing technique where programs are tested by generating random and independent inputs. The results of the output are compared with the software specifications to check whether the test output is pass or fail. Random testing is also used to avoid biased testing.

• BVA (Boundary Value Analysis) is a black box software testing technique that uses boundary values to create test cases. Input values near the boundary have a higher probability of error, so BVA is used to test boundary values. BVA includes values at the boundaries in the test cases. If the input falls within the boundary range, then the test is positive; if it falls outside, then it is negative.
• There are several types of values, including maximum or minimum, inside or outside edge, and typical or error values.

The success of Automation testing can be measured using the following criteria:

• Savings on labor & other costs.
•  Defect Detection Ratio.
•  Automating the execution process and reducing the release time.