• ASP.Net   is a server-side technology used for developing dynamic websites and web applications on the internet. It also produces data-driven web applications.
• Microsoft released ASP.NET in 2002 to build dynamic websites and web applications using the .NET framework.

When ASP.NET pages run, it goes through several steps of the life cycle, which performs a series of actions like initialization, running, restoring, and rendering.

Life Cycle is classified into two categories.

• Application Life Cycle: The user requests for accessing the application.
• Page Life Cycle: Page Life Cycle has phases like initialization, restoring, execution, and page rendering. 

MVC  is a software architectural pattern that divides an application into three main parts Model, View, and Controller.

• Model:- Model helps to create the data domain of the application and represents the public properties and business logic of the application.
• View:- View represents the data tables, charts, and diagrams by collecting the data from the model.

Web service is a web-based functionality accessed by using protocols. It uses XML to exchange the software using common internet protocols.

Web service in asp.net has three aspects, they are:

• Creating web service
• Creating a proxy
• Consuming the web service

The HTTP protocol is used in ASP.NET to call a Web Service.

Controller: The controller helps in handling the user interactions and controls the flow of the application.

State in ASP.NET is used to store the information between requests and to retrieve it when required and holding the information.

ASP.NET provides four types of states:

• Application State: It states all collections of web pages and files in a single directory on a web server.
• Cookie State: It stores the information on the client machine.
• View State: It states the state of the web page and its controls.
• Session State: The session state is used to sort the application data

Caching is a technique used to sort the user data or information in memory.

Caching is divided into three types:-

• Output Caching: It specifies the duration of the cache and the attribute.
• Fragment Caching: It is a user control caching used in a basic web form page.
• Data Caching: It is used for caching the data of data source controls.

• Postback is a request sent from a client to the server from the page on which the user is working. It posts the complete page back to the server for a new page.
• Postback is submitted to a server before processing the page and holds credentials such as verification like username and passwords using a database.

•  Page theme applies to a particular web pages of the project. It is stored inside a subfolder of the App_Themes folder.
• Global theme applies to all the web applications on the web server. It is stored inside the Themes folder on a Web server.

ASP.NET provides 6 types of validation controls as listed below:

•  RequiredFieldValidator – It is used when you do not want the container to be empty. It checks if the control has any value or not.
• RangeValidator – It checks if the value in validated control is within the specifiedrangeornot.
• CompareValidator –Checks if the value in controls matches some specific valuesornot.
•  RegularExpressionValidator –Checks if the value matches a specific regular expressionornot.
•  CustomValidator – Used to define User Defined validation.
•  Validation Summary – Displays summary of all current validation errors on an ASP.NET page.

• ASP.NET provides two session state management options – In-Process and Out-of-Process state management.
• In-Process stores the session in memory on the web server.
• Out-of-Process stores data in an external data source. This data source may be a SQL Server or a State Server service. Out-of-Process state management needs all objects stored in session to be serializable.