Android is an open-sourced operating system that is used on mobile devices, such as mobiles and tablets. The Android application executes within its own process and its own instance of Dalvik Virtual Machine(DVM) or Android RunTime(ART).

•  Linux Kernel

•   Libraries

•  Android Framework
  

•  Android Applications
  

The emulator lets developers “play” around an interface that acts as if it were an actual mobile device. They can write and test codes, and even debug. Emulators are a safe place for testing codes especially if it is in the early design phase.

The four states are:

•  Active: The activity is at the top of  the stack, running in the foreground
• Paused: The activity is still visible but cannot receive user input events; it’s in the background
• Stopped: The activity is invisible and consequently is paused, and obscured or hidden by a different activity
• Destroyed: The activity’s process has been killed, completed, or terminated

Much what it sounds like, it’s the intention to perform an action, a message that is passed between components. Intents request actions from a different component, such as sending an email, opening a web page, or launch a given activity. The two types are:

•  Implicit Intent

This is where the intent doesn’t define the target component, requiring the Android system to conduct an evaluation of the components.

•  Explicit Intent

On the other hand, the explicit intent directly identifies the target component.

Mobile Testing is performed on the mobile device itself, specifically on the device’s features like Contacts, SMS, the browsers, and it’s Calling function. Mobile Application Testing tests the features and functions of the apps loaded onto a mobile device.

Give some examples of Android exceptions. 

Exceptions include:

• Inflate Exception
•  Surface.OutOfResourceException
•  SurfaceHolder.BadSurfaceTypeException
•  WindowManager.BadTokenException

Android Interface Definition Language or AIDL facilitates the communication between the client and service. For the procedure of communication between processes, the data is split into small portions which are easily recognized by the Android platform.

An Application Programming Interface (API) is simply a set of specifications or rules that determine how software components can interact with each other. Companies that release an API do so to let developers design products around the services it provides.

The containers in the Android system help hold objects and widgets together so that the specific items and arrangements can be fulfilled. These containers include labels, buttons, fields, etc.